Human Nature & Divine connection in the Rice fields: Ubud in Bali

Tegalalang is a series of fields on the eastern slopes of mount Agung at Amlapura, located close to Ubud region in Bali. The traditional Balinese irrigation system is known as Subak. The highlands of Bali are occupied by lush green fields, that cascade in the form of terraces from the upper reaches of volcanoes down to the deep valleys below. Bali has over 150 rivers and streams that provide water throughout the year. The complex irrigation system is complemented by network of irrigation channels that distributes the waters to each and every field. 

Subak the irrigation system, is a traditional practice handed down through generations. Each farm owner is a member of Subakcommunity. All rice fields are served by a single dam headed by a member Kilan Subauk, subsequently Series of canals feed water to various rice fields, these channels are called tempek.

The water collected in the tank of Subak is linked with mountain temples (pura masceti) which are linked with holy lakes. The water temples, holds festivals every 105 days matching with 105 days of rice growing season in Bali. The cycle also determines the opening and closing of canals to ensure water is supplied in staggered fashion. Each field of successive of lower levels is planted after every 10 Days. The harmony between celestial lunar cycle of 7 fortnights finds a cultural relevance in the plantation cycle, celebrated with cultural and religious pomp. The rice fields irrigated through Subak are called Sawah. 

 Rice is the staple food of Bali and no meal is complete without rice. It also occupies an essential presence in all Social, Religious Ceremonies and Festivities. The goddess of rice is called Bhatari Sri. The Balinese landscape of cascading rice fields are a reflection of connection between Human, Nature and Divine. 

The wavy lines of nature appear enigmatic. The undulating slopes and rhythmic lines of terraces, staggered at various levels creates breath taking view of the landscape. The narrow meandering paths with steps and ramps to negotiate, provides different vistas and views of the landscape. 

The difficult volcanic terrain is carefully stepped with bund walls, to receive cascading water from the slopes. The water from the upper tanks is released in a phase wise manner ensuring optimal utilisation of water as it gradually cascades every field to the lower levels. Each plantation has varying height and is in different phase of evolution. 

The local population has explored the photo-genetics of this landscape by adding nest like benches at vantage points strategically placed appear floating in the landscape. The small cantilevered balconies supported on timber shafts, like suspended decks allowed capture panoramic views. The Intermittent sheds placed as viewing galleries and watch towers are resting places. 

The landscape is also enlivened with adventure activities of sailing over giant swings giving bizarre experience of floating over the deep valleys of the landscape, that is enjoyed by the tourist seeking thrill and amazing photography midst nature.

The rice field landscape of Bali is beautiful example of bond between human nature and divine through customary practices, tradition and arts in Bali. 

-by Disha Salhotra

II nd year Student, Tsap